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Category:Albums produced by DJ ScratchLow current flow into the tissues of the body increases the efficiency of many medical devices such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and cochlear implants. The flow of current into or out of a tissue is referred to as current injection or current extraction. The current injection and extraction should be as small as possible to minimize discomfort and tissue damage. Current flow can occur through a conductor or electrode at a specific voltage level; the power supply will have sufficient current for the application and is the voltage source. The tissue and electrode/conductor couple to produce a circuit. The power supplied will equal the current multiplied by the resistance of the circuit and will be dissipated in the tissue or electrode/conductor, whichever has the lower resistance.
For example, current can be induced in a tissue by a large voltage applied at the distal end of an electrode. The induced voltage is proportional to the product of the current density in the tissue and the total impedance in the circuit. The induced voltage is proportional to the product of the current density in the tissue and the total impedance in the circuit. For an electrode with a resistance of 100.OMEGA. and a total impedance of 10.OMEGA., the induced voltage at a tissue resistance of 1.0.OMEGA. is 1000.OMEGA. if the current density is 2 mA/cm.sup.2 and 10.0.OMEGA. if the current density is 5 mA/cm.sup.2.
One method for inducing large currents in a tissue is through the use of a large voltage source at the distal end of an electrode. This method has been used, for example, to produce currents in the order of hundreds of milliamperes in tissues of various animal models to provide a "focal-field" of ablative energy for soft tissue ablation. One problem with this method is that the application of a large voltage across the distal end of the electrode may be painful to the patient. Also, a large voltage must be applied to achieve the high currents and, thus, the current extraction efficiency is low.Global and regional myocardial deformation in aortic stenosis: prevalence, predictors and clinical impact.
Myocardial deformation is a novel index to quantify left ac619d1d87
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